ADVERTISEMENT
The strikes on Iran’s nuclear facilities, especially the hardened Fordo plant, did more than shatter concrete. They shattered the decade-long illusion that the crisis could be managed indefinitely through ambiguity, partial deals, and calibrated pressure. By openly embracing preemption, Washington forced every actor—from Tehran to Tel Aviv, from Brussels to Beijing—to redefine what they consider tolerable risk. Iran’s vow to “reserve all options” signals a move toward shadow conflict: cyberattacks, proxy warfare, and pressure on global chokepoints like the Strait of Hormuz, where a single miscalculation could send oil prices and regional tensions spiraling.
ADVERTISEMENT
