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Iran’s response was swift and multifaceted. Within hours, the IRGC launched waves of ballistic missiles and drones targeting Israel directly, as well as U.S. military bases across the region—including Al Udeid in Qatar, Al Dhafra in the UAE, the Fifth Fleet headquarters in Bahrain, Ali Al Salem in Kuwait, and sites in Jordan, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. Explosions were reported in multiple Gulf capitals, heightening fears of a broader regional war engulfing U.S. allies.
While Tehran has not issued a formal, nationwide blockade decree—likely to avoid self-inflicted economic damage—the IRGC’s actions have already disrupted maritime traffic. Tanker tracking data from firms like Kpler and Bloomberg show vessels making U-turns, slowing, stopping, or rerouting around the strait. Major oil companies, trading houses, and LNG shippers—including some of the world’s largest—have suspended shipments through the passage. Some owners instructed fleets to avoid Hormuz entirely, while others advised proceeding with extreme caution. The U.S. Navy issued advisories that it could not guarantee commercial vessel safety in the Persian Gulf, prompting widespread hesitation.
The Strait of Hormuz is no ordinary waterway
The Strait of Hormuz is no ordinary waterway. This narrow chokepoint—only about 21 miles wide at its narrowest—connects the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. It handles approximately 20-21 million barrels of crude oil and refined products per day, equating to roughly one-fifth of global oil consumption. Significant volumes of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from Qatar also transit here. Key exporters reliant on the strait include Saudi Arabia, Iraq, the UAE, Kuwait, and Qatar. Any sustained disruption would force rerouting around Africa or reliance on limited pipeline alternatives, massively increasing costs and delays.
The immediate market reaction underscores the gravity. Oil markets were closed Saturday (weekend), but Brent crude settled Friday at around $72 per barrel after weeks of risk premiums. Analysts anticipate sharp spikes when trading resumes Sunday evening—potentially $5-20+ per barrel initially, with Barclays forecasting a test of $100 if disruptions persist. In worst-case scenarios involving prolonged closure or attacks on Gulf oil infrastructure, prices could surge to $120-150+ per barrel, per estimates from Kpler, Rapidan Energy, and others. Even partial enforcement—say, 20-30% flow reduction via harassment—could add substantial war-risk premiums.
Such spikes would ripple far beyond energy
Such spikes would ripple far beyond energy. U.S. gasoline prices could climb to $4.50-6+ per gallon quickly, fueling inflation and pressuring consumer spending. Globally, higher energy costs would hit transportation, manufacturing, and heating, exacerbating supply-chain strains. Asian importers like China, India, Japan, and South Korea—dependent on Gulf crude—face acute vulnerabilities; India’s refiners, for instance, could see immediate cost surges. Shipping insurance rates have already tripled in some cases, with war-risk premiums soaring. LNG prices could quadruple in spot markets, hitting Europe and Asia hard amid ongoing energy transitions. Economists warn a sustained Hormuz closure guarantees recessionary pressures: Oxford Economics models modest disruptions pushing Brent to $84, but full blockade scenarios evoke parallels to the 1973 oil embargo or worse. Global growth could stall, stock markets tumble (energy stocks might initially rally, but broader equities suffer), and safe-haven assets like gold and Treasurys surge.
Tehran views itself on “death ground,” per former NATO assessments, potentially prompting “go big” retaliation: beyond Hormuz, cyberattacks, terrorism against U.S. interests, or strikes on neighbors’ oil facilities. Yet self-preservation tempers action—Iran’s economy relies on oil exports, and full closure invites devastating U.S. counterforce. As of late February 28, 2026, the strait sees reduced but not zero traffic; some vessels transit cautiously, while others pile up waiting. No confirmed military interdictions or attacks on ships yet, but the psychological effect is profounThe world watches anxiously: will this remain asymmetric harassment, or spiral into open naval confrontation?